– See: Medial Approach: – Discussion: – medial epicondyle is common origin of several flexor muscles of hand and wrist; – when medial epicondyle is frxed, flexor muscles pull fragment distally; – during surgical procedure care must be made to protect ulnar nerve; – Fixation Stratedgy: – … Read more
– See: – Pediatric Elbow Injuries – distal humeral physeal separation – lateral condyle frx, pediatric – supracondylar frx of humerus – Discussion: – third most common pediatric elbow frx (5-10%) (behind supracondylar and lateral condylar fractures); – most common between ages of 9 … Read more
– Discussion: – may begin as a microtear between the pronator teres and the FCR; – often associated w/ ulnar neuritis (see cubital tunnel); – Exam: – tenderness over the origin of the forearm flexors; – resisted pronation and/or flexion will elicit pain in most patients; … Read more
– Discussion: – allow visualization of medial epicondyle, trochlea, and ulnar nerve are – approach is used for a total elbow arthroplasty; – proximally the interval lies between the brachialis and triceps, where as distally the interval lies between the brachialis and MCL; – avoid … Read more
– Discussion: – may lessen the distraction of the medial arch at the superomedial portion of spring ligament (lessens ligament tension); – may make the achilles tendon a better invertor and less of an evertor of the subtalar joint during walking; – compensates for talo-calcaneal valgus, and may … Read more
– Anatomy: – MCL is composed of superficial & deep portions; – superficial MCL: – anatomically this is the second (middle) layer of the medial compartment; – proximal attachment: posterior aspect of medial femoral condyle; – 3.2 mm proximal and 4.8 … Read more
– Anatomy: – innervation: (C8, T1); – medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve descends in the arm anterior and medial to brachial artery; – at distal to mid forearm level, nerve emerges from under brachial fascia adjacent to basilic vein; – it innervates the skin of anterior & medial … Read more
– See: Anteromedial Approach – Discussion: – may be used for frx dislocations of talus, traumatic injuries to ankle joint, and osteochondritis dissecans of the talus; – disadvantages: possible to injure the tibial vessels and nerves; – incision: – centered on malleolus & is made … Read more
– Discussion: – pts knee is acutely and forcibly flexed; – to check the medial meniscus examiner palpates posteromedial margin of joint with one hand while grasping the foot w/ other hand; – keeping the knee completely flexed, the leg is externally rotated as far as possible and then the knee … Read more
– Discussion: – mechanical axis refers to the angle formed by a line drawn from the center of the femoral head to the medial tibial spine and a line drawn from the medial tibial spine and the center of the ankle joint; – this should not be confused w/ the wt … Read more