– Discussion: – demonstrates the middle and posterior facet of sub-talar joint; – taken with the foot dorsiflexed, inverted, and internally rotated 60 deg; – Broden described a similar projection w/ limb internally rotated 45 deg; – he recommended taking 4 exposures with the … Read more
– Anatomy and Function: (see medial compartment of knee / patellar subluxation); – medial patellofemoral ligament, a distinct condensation of capsular fibers in coronal plane which originates at the medial epicondyle (adductor tubercle and adductor tendon) as well as the MCL; – deep fascia and aponeurotic edge of … Read more
– See: – Medial Tibial Plateua Fractures: – Discussion: – on medial side, plate is applied to anteromedial face of proximal metaphysis deep to pes anserinus & anterior fibers of MCL; – Incision: – incision begins over medial femoral condyle, continues anterodistally then crosses the joint line near the … Read more
– Discussion: – most common form of plica; – located over the medial femoral condyle; – vulnerable to direct trauma when the knee is flexed; – repeated trauma or irritation may lead to inflammation and fibrosis of the plica; – fibrotic plica has decreased elasticity which causes … Read more
– Anteromedial Portal: – for visualization of the lateral compartment, and instrumentation of the the medial compartment; – this portal is located in a manner similar to the anterolateral portal, that is, 1 cm above the medial joint line and 1 cm medial to the edge of the patellar tendon; … Read more
– Discussion: – motivation: w/ maximal elbow flexion, high extraneural pressures occur at the medial epicondyle; – hence the medial epicondyle is a major impinging structure which forces the ulnar nerve to make a sharp turn whenever the elbow is maximally flexed; – medial … Read more
– Discussion: – medial malleolar frx result from direct impact of talus or from tension as talus rotates or moves laterally following fibula; – in children medial malleolus frx may represent supination inversion frx; – injury patterns: – deep deltoid ligament may be torn, leaving malleolus intact; … Read more
– See: Meniscal Menu: – Discussion: – medial meniscus is “C shaped”, whereas lateral meniscus is is “O shaped” and is more sharply curved; – medial meniscus is crescentric in structure, but its anterior & posterior extensions have a wider separation on the lateral articular … Read more
– Anatomy: – humeral origin of MCL lies posterior to axis of elbow flexion, creating cam effect; – hence, anterior fibers are stressed in extension & posterior fibers are stressed in flexion; – anterior oblique, posterior oblique ligament, & small transverse ligament are 3 major portions of the … Read more
– See: Medial Collateral Ligament: – Superficial Layer (Layer I) – most superficial layer includes the deep fascia that arises from anterior to posterior encases entire medial aspect of the knee & coalesces w/ hamstring muscles and posteromedial capsule; – this first layer is superficial to superficial MCL; … Read more