The Hip book

Nerve Injuries in THR

– See: Total Hip Replacement Menu:             – arterial injuries: in THR              – nerve injury              – nerve palsy from TKR – Discussion:     – incidence of sciatic (tibial and/or peroneal) &/or femoral palsies after THR ranges from 1-3%;     – incidence of nerve palsy is 1-2% of primary … Read more

Nerve Injury

– See: EMG – Nerve Injury Discussion:     – remember that in any case of presumed nerve injury, always consider whether an isolated compartment syndrome had occured;     – neuropraxia:          – least severe injury, is characterized by a conduction block (focal conduction block);          – conduction across the zone of nerve injury is inhibited, … Read more

Natatory Ligament

  – Anatomy:     – other name for the superficial transverse metacarpal ligament;     – these ligamentous fibers extend between the web spaces of the digits, and lie immediately beneath the skin, and helps create web space;     – digital nerves & vessels pass deep or dorsal to natatory ligaments;     … Read more

Myelopathy

– Discussion:     – characterized by weakness (upper > lower extremity);     – ataxic broad based suffling gait, sensory changes;     – rarely urinary retention;     – anatomy of compression:            – anterior cord compression  —-  protruding disc or posterior osteophytes;            – … Read more

Myelodysplasia

– Discussion:     – disorder of spinal cord development/closure or secondary rupture of developing cord secondary to hydrocephalus;     – term myelodysplasia includes:           – spina bifida occulta           – meningocele: sac without neural elements protruding through defect;           – myelomeningocele; … Read more

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

erythromycin  Tetracycline – Signs and Symptoms of:        – HA        – Malaise        – Fever        – Cough (bothersome) – Rales, Rhonchi, Wheezes        – Consolidation rare; – Significant CXR features: Unilateral Broncho Pneumonia; – Isolation of M. Pneumonia from Sputum or a 4 … Read more

Myasthenic Syndrome (Eaton-Lambert Syndrome)

– Discussion:     – rare disease usually found in association with occult neoplasms of the lung or other organs;     – defect lies in the release of acetylcholine from prejunctional axon terminals;     – main danger to patients is the manifestation of the underlying neoplasm; – Clinical Findings:     – fluctuating weakness … Read more

Muscle Menu

– Myopathic Disorders – Muscle Fiber Types – Biochemistry of Skeletal Muscle Contraction:      – Muscle Contraction:      – Depolarization      – Metabolic Sequence      – Calcium Regulation of Muscle Contraction      – Histology of Skeletal Muscle      – Chemistry of Skeletal Muscle      – Muscle Cramps      – Extra … Read more

Musculocutaneous Nerve

– Discussion:     – derives from lateral cord (C5, C6):     – musculocutaneous nerve passes through coracobrachialis; between biceps &  brachialis, & becomes lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve at elbow;     – it has only muscular branches above elbow & only sensory branches below;     – lesion of this nerve produces weakness of … Read more

Muscle Fiber Types

– See: Muscle Menu – Two Major Fiber Types: type I and type II fibers;     – in lower mammals and other animals, muscles are generally composed entirely type I or type II fibers;     – human muscle is made up of a mixture of type I and type II fibers;     – … Read more