– Discussion: – calcaneovalgus (congenital calcaneovalgus) refers to flexible flatfoot in infants and young children; – frequently seen infant foot disorder w/ forefoot abducted and the ankle severely dorsiflexed; – mild form may be seen in upto 30% of infants but a more severe form is … Read more
– Discussion: – are placed from the medial side to avoid damage to the posterior tibial neurovascular pedicle; – posterior tibial pulse should be palpated with one hand during the initial placement; – safe zone is outlined by a vertical line tangential to the posterior border of the medial … Read more
– Discussion: – calcaneofibular ligament is a extra-articular round and cordlike ligament which connnects tip of distal fibula to small tubercle on posterior & lateral aspect of calcaneus; – crosses two joints, talocrural and the talocalcaneal; – 2 cm long, 5 mm wide, and 3 mm thick; … Read more
– Discussion: – type of tarsal coalition: – calcaneonavicular bar is most common, followed by middle facet of the talocalcaneal joint; – ossification occurs between 8 and 12 years; – coalition between calcaneus & navicular is usually seen in pts between 8-12 years of age when cartilaginous … Read more
– See: – Septic Knee: – Synovium of the Knee: – Anatomy: – four bursae around knee are susecptible to and inflammatory response from direct or indirect trauma; – prepatellar bursae is most commonly affected area (housemaids knee); – may show significant degree of … Read more
– Discussion: – bunionette deformity may be created by wide 4-5 intermetatarsal angle; – symptomatic plantar callus is 2nd to concomitant plantar flexion of the fifth metatarsal; – soft corn caused by the pressure of the bone of the proximal phalanx of 5th toe (may be exacerbated by tight … Read more
– See: Meniscal Tears – Discussion: – vertical longitudinal tear w/ displacement of inner margin – more common in younger pts & are frequently assoc w/ ACL tear; – 3 times more common in the medial as compared to the lat compartment – can produce the classic … Read more
– Discussion: – remove residual cancellous bone along medial aspect of neck w/ broaches; – begin w/ broach at least two sizes smaller than anticipated stem; – procede w/ consecutively larger broach sizes up to but not exceeding size of the last axial reamer; … Read more
– Broaching: – broaching for cementless stems – is usually started w/ the smaller broach or w/ broach 2 sizes smaller than templated during preop planning – determination of anteversion – exposure considerations: – with smaller incisions, there will be a tendency of the broach to abraid … Read more
– See: X-rays of the Foot – Broden’s View: – used to better visualize the subtal joint; – pt is supine w/ knee slightly flexed and supported by sandbag; – foot rests on the film cassette with neutral dorsiflexion; – entire lower leg and foot is internally rotated 45 deg; – central beam directed toward … Read more