Aortic Regurgitation
* Physical Exam: (heard best if pt. sits up, leans forward, & exhale) Early Diastolic (decrescendo) murmur. Mid Systolic Ejection Murmur (Austin Flint) S3 gallop (competes w/ diastolic murmur); widened pulse pressure Etiology: Congenital (bicuspid valves) Rheumatic hrt, Endocarditis VSD; Sequelae: Angina, LVH, CHF, DOE, orthopnea, PND; small increase in After-Load may cause large increase … Read more