See * U waves: a positive deflection after the T wave; (smaller than T waves) * Best seen w/ Bradycardia; * Axis: Anterior: (best seen V2-4, II, III, aVF); * Duration: Longer than P wave; * May indicate hypokalemia; / ___/_/ _/_/ (u wave) Original Text by Clifford R. Wheeless, III, MD.
* Physical Exam: (heard best if pt. sits up, leans forward, & exhale) Early Diastolic (decrescendo) murmur. Mid Systolic Ejection Murmur (Austin Flint) S3 gallop (competes w/ diastolic murmur); widened pulse pressure Etiology: Congenital (bicuspid valves) Rheumatic hrt, Endocarditis VSD; Sequelae: Angina, LVH, CHF, DOE, orthopnea, PND; small increase in After-Load may cause large increase … Read more