– See: Radiology of Pediatric Elbow – Discussion: – precise AP & Lateral projections are required to evaluate normal anatomic relationships; – there should be no rotation to the forearm; – AP View: – medial and lateral epicondyles and humeral-ulnar/radial articulation; – carrying angle; … Read more
– See: Pediatric Elbow Injuries – Ossification Centers of the Elbow: – C apetellum (appears age 1-2) – R adial Head (appears age 2-4) – I nteranal epicondyle (appears age 4-6) – T rochlea (appears age 8-11) – O lecranon (9-11 years) … Read more
– Findings: – Assymmetrical osteopenia; – Spine: vertebral compression fractures; – Skull: – so-called salt-and-pepper skull – tiny punched out lesions may be present in the skull, producing so called salt and pepper appearance; – Clavicle: erosion of the … Read more
– See: PreOp Planning: – Discussion: – a candidate for HTO should have relatively normal lateral and patellofemoral compartments; – degenerative changes confined to medial compartment should be apparent in x-rays, although minor arthritic changes in lateral compartment or patellofemoral joint are not absolute contraindications – HTO is contraindicated … Read more
– See: Radiology of the Elbow – Discussion: – note that accurate AP and Lateral views are essential to judge the reduction; – slightly oblique views can lead to acceptance of malreduction; – AP View: – comparison films are usually required to judge amount of relative varus; … Read more
– See: – Radiographic Evaluation of the Talus – Radiographic Studies for Ankle Fractures – Radiographic Studies for Ankle Sprains – Mortise views – medial clear space – talar tilt – tibio-fibular line – talocrural angle – Anteroposterior – … Read more
– See: Radiographic Studies of the Foot and Ankle – Lateral of Ankle: – Mortise Views: – syndesmotic injury; – medial clear space should be less than 4 mm and superior- medial joint space w/ in 2 mm medially of its width laterally; – due … Read more
– Anatomy of Olecranon: – Radiology: – insist on a true lateral X-ray of the elbow joint to evaluate: – extent of frx & displacement: – non comminuted = displacement of less than 2 mm; … Read more
– See: Radiographic Studies of the Foot and Ankle – Static Films: – os subfibulare: – historically, this has been considered to be an accessory ossicle located just below the ditsal fibular epiphysis; – it is distinguished from a fracture … Read more
– AP and Lateral: – radiographs are assessed for frx locations, displacement, alignment; – lateral plateau is convex from front to back & side to side, whereas medial one is concave; – lateral plateau is higher than medial one, which indicates amount of plateua … Read more