– See: Anatomy of C1 / C2 – Discussion: – classically described as a 4 part burst frx of the atlas, w/ combined anterior and posterior arch fractures; – frx variants: include two and three part fractures; – pediatric frx: – frx … Read more
– See: – Occipital-Atlanto-Axial Anomalies: – Anatomy of C1 / C2 – Discussion: – more common children, since the pediatric occipital condyles are small and almost horizontal & lack inherent stability; – this injury is usually but not invariably fatal 2nd to respiratory arrest caused by injury … Read more
– ADI in Adults: – in flexion, ADI should be less than 3 mm; – ADI in Children: – in flexion, ADI should be less than 3.5 mm; – Diff Dx of ADI Wideing: – Jefferson’s Fracture: – Atlanto Axial Rotatory Fixation: – Atlanto Axial … Read more
– See: Nerve Entrapment – Discussion: – cubital tunnel serves as major contraint for the ulnar nerve as it passes behind elbow; – the syndrome occurs most commonly between 30 to 60 years, and is exceptionally uncommon in children under 15 years; – inciting events: … Read more
– Discussion: – demonstrates intra-articular extension of frx – degree of comminution of posterior facet; – calcaneocuboid joint; – impingement of lateral border of calcaneus on lateral malleolus and entrapment of tendons or nerves can be demonstrated; – latter is best seen … Read more
– Discussion: – involves a combination of ligamentous injury at inferior portion of SI joint, and verticle fracture of the posterior ilium which extends thru iliac crest; – posterior superior iliac spine remain attached to the sacrum; – often occurs as a part of lateral compression fractures; … Read more
– Facial Fractures and Upper Airway Injuries: – in pts with major frxs of the mandible and maxilla (Lefort III) in whom massive edema has yet to occur, oral intubation is preferred, and if required is usually easily accomplished; – blind nasal intubation following major facial injury is discouraged because of … Read more
– Discussion: – in skeletally immature pt, isolated posterior arthrodesis w/ instrumentation of a lordotic curve may act as a posterior tethering bar, producing lordosis & bending of the fusion mass as the unfused anterior vertebral bodies continue to grow; – in the study by Noordeen MHH, … Read more
– See: Multisegmented Hook Instrumentation – Discussion: – are excellent for the treatment of thoracic or thoracolumbar frx; – these rods can be used with hooks and/or screws; – if hooks are used, do not place them adjacent to any area of canal comprimise; – because rods … Read more
Origin: tip of coracoid process on scapula; Insertion: middle of medial border of humerus, opposite deltoid tuberosity; action: horizontal flexion and adduction of the humerus at the shoulder; synergists: pectoralis major, biceps brachi, and anterior deltoid; nerve supply: musculocutaneous, C6, C7; – Surgical Hazards: – profunda gives off muscular branches, usually gives rise to … Read more