– See: spine in osteoporosis – Discussion: – caused by long term calcium deficiency; – there is an age related decline in renal production of 1,25 Vit D with subsequent hyperparathyroidism & bone loss; – these pts have already lost most of the bone they ever will lose; … Read more
– Discussion: – displaced, stable frx; – frx fragments are displaced > 2-3 mm, but collateral ligaments are intact; – frx may be non-comminuted (Type IIA) or comminuted (Type IIB). – no sign of subluxation; – Non Operative Treatment: – immobilized in mid flexion, these … Read more
– Discussion: – characterized by tearing of coracoclavicular ligaments & upward displacement of the medial fragment; – displacement secondary to frx medial to the CC ligaments – Deforming Forces: – wt of arm pulls outer fragment downward and forward due to attachments of trapezoid ligament to scapula; … Read more
– Discussion: – due to loss of estrogen & affects postmenopausal women; – 2-3% accelerated (loss for 6-10 yrs which then returns to basal loss of 0.3-0.5 %/year; – primarily loss of trabecular bone: – associated w/ greater decline in medullary bone & preservation … Read more
– Discussion: – most common; – occur thru base of odontoid process & may be caused by either hyper-flexion or hyperextension forces; – blood supply is often comprimised in a type 2 frx – type II frx occurs at base of dens, typically, frx plane is transverse; … Read more
– See: Collagen Discussion: – Discussion: – type I is the major collagen of tendon and bone, but it is also the predominant in lung, skin, dentin, heart valves, fascia, scar tissue, cornea, and liver; – type I collagen is essential for the tensile strength of bone; … Read more
– Primary Spinal Tumors: – primary spinal cord neoplasia – primary tumors of vertebral body: – 75% percent of vertebral body tumors are malignant; – multiple myeloma (most common primary tumor of spine) – chordoma … Read more
– Discussion: – although the disease is generally more likely to be chronic, acute mycobacterial arthritis has been reported; – periarticular bone lesions may accompany the synovial involvement; – pulmonary tuberculosis is evident in only half the patients with skeletal involvement; – pulmonary TB signs vary with stage of dz, few early on; – later … Read more
– See: – Myobacterium tuberculosis – Vertebral Osteomyelitis – Discussion: – 4000 cases of extrapulmonary involvment each year in the US; – most common extra pulmonary location of TB is the spine; – spine is the extrapulmonary site in over 50% of the cases of … Read more
– See: – Blair Fusion – Charcot Marie Tooth – Equinovalgus – Grice Arthrodesis – Kocher approach – Ollier incision – Subtalar Fusion – Discussion: – results in fusion of subtalar, calcaneocuboid, and talonavicular joints; – most effective … Read more