– Discussion: – physical properties – state in body fluids – physiologic roles of calcium are well established; – abnormally low concentrations of Ca permit spontaneous discharges of both sensory & motor fibers in peripheral nerves, leading to tetany; – w/ elevated levels, … Read more
– See: blunt cardiac trauma – Initial Management: – determine whether the chest pain is of cardiac origin: – sublingual nitroglycerin should improve chest pain (at least partial relief) if the pain is of cardiac origin; – EKG changes in MI: … Read more
– See: – Burns of the Hand – Chemical Burns – Electrical Burns – Frost Bite – Initial Management: – trauma management: – patients require a generalized trauma assessment w/ all clothing removed; – determine nature of the burn (flame, chemical, electrical); … Read more
– Discussion: – known as carpus curves, is result of epiphyseal arrest on ulnar & volar half of the distal radius, which causes articular surface to be directed ulnarward and volarward; – genetics: it is inhertited as autosomal dominant trait w/ variable expressivity; – females are affected four … Read more
– See: Lumbar Plexus: – Anatomy: – lumbosacral plexus is derived from L4, L5, S1, S2, S3 & S4 roots, each giving rise to anterior and posterior branches; – anterior branches supply flexor muscles of limb, & posterior branches supply extensor and abductor muscles; – superior gluteal nerve (L4 … Read more
– See: Midfoot/Forefoot Fractures – Discussion: – anatomy of the midfoot – mechanism: – because 2nd metatarsal is the longest metatarsal proximally, it will often be frxed at its base, with the other metatarsals dislocated; – dorsal capsule of Lisfranc’s … Read more
– See: – Discussion of Limb Lengthening – Limb Lengthening Fixators – Post Op Care in the Ilizarov Method: (by Dr. Mangal Parihar) – management of tibial bone defects – Osteotomy Considerations: – first described by DM Bosworth (SGO 1938), which … Read more
– Theoretical Considerations: – Discussion of Limb Lengthening: – Distraction Histiogenesis: (osteoclasis): – Ilizarov Menu – Technique: – ring characteristics: – w/ the original Ilizarov technique, only two rings (each with drop wires) were used; … Read more
– Discussion: – see: limb development and physeal anatomy; – leg length discrepancy leads to awkward gait, & pelvic obliquity. – treatment of limb length inequality, requires an ability to predict leg length discrepancy at skeletal maturity; – differential diagnosis of limb length inequality – … Read more
– See: – Flexion and Extension Views – SCIWORA Syndrome: – Anterior Ligamentous Disruption: – detected by presence of small anteroinferior avulsions and segmental disc widening; – ligaments include: anterior longitudinal ligament & Annulus fibrosus; – w/ complete cervical dislocation from anterior ligament failure, more stable internal … Read more