– Discussion: – results from a defect is somatic mutation in the gene coding for alpha subunit of Gs, the G protein that stimulates cAMP formation; – overproduction of cAMP, causes overexpression of c-fos, which regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts; – results in … Read more
– Discussion: – among most frequent limb anomalies is partial or total absence of fibula; – it is most common long bone deficiency and is the most common skeletal deformity in the leg; – most often is unilateral; – paraxial fibular hemimelia is the … Read more
– Discussion: – general discussion of non union / infected femoral nails – femoral shaft that has not healed in 26 wks signals a delayed union; – may be more common in segmental fractures and in winquest type IV fractures; – most common iatrogenic risk factor is failure to … Read more
– Discussion: – the two incision (“backdoor”) approach has remained the gold standard for ACL reconstruction, because it is the only technique which can reliably position the femoral tunnel at the 10 o’clock (or 2 o’clock) position (which is necessary for anatomic reconstruction); … Read more
– Discussion: – most common error is non isometric anterior tunnel placement within intercondylar notch rather than at its normal posterior insertion; – ACL graft should pull up into tibial tunnel by about 2mm with extension when fixed on femoral side; – this represents the closest reconstitution of … Read more
– Discussion: – child abuse: 30% of femoral frx in children < 4 yrs are 2nd to child abuse; – Over-riding of Fracture Fragments: – in children between the ages of 2-10 yrs, overgrowth averages 0.9 cm; – in kids between 2 & 10 yrs, side to side apposition … Read more
– See: – Anastomoses of Lower Limb Arteries – Femoral Arteriogram: – Lower Limb: anatomy of arteries and bones with 3D pictures and angiographic radiological images – Anatomy: – common iliac bifurcates at the L5-S1 disc; – internal iliac: – courses anterior and adjacent to … Read more
– Anesthesia: – skeletal traction can be applied under sedation & local anesthesia; – Distal Femoral Pins: – inserted on medial side to avoid injury to femoral artery on pin exist; – flex the knee and thigh on several folded sheets inorder to facilitate pin insertion from the … Read more
– See: adult femoral and acetabular anteversion – Discussion: – femoral version is defined as the angular difference between axis of femoral neck and transcondylar axis of the knee; – excessive femoral anteversion (medial femoral torsion) is most common cause of in-toeing that first presents in early childhood; – … Read more
– Discussion: – femoral version is defined as the angular difference between axis of femoral neck and the transcondylar axis of the knee; – excessive femoral anteversion (medial femoral torsion) is most common cause of in-toeing that first presents in early childhood; – it is twice as common in girls as … Read more