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Carpal Instability



- See:
      - Kinematics
      - Dynamic Instability
      - Ligaments of the Wrist
      - Perilunate Dislocations

- Instability Patterns:
    - ulnar translocation: carpus shifts ulnarward (frequently seen in rheumatoid wrist);
    - dorsal intercalated segment instability;
           - present when lunate has rotated into dorsiflexion, as seen on lateral x-rays;
           - capitate displaces dorsal to long axis of radius, producing zigzag radiolunatocapitate alignment that is called DISI;
    - volar intercalated segment instability characterized by palmar flexion of lunate;
    - non dissociative carpal instability:
           - capitolunate instability
           - mid-carpal instability
    - dissociative instability: refers to instability between individual carpi of the proximal row;
           - scapholunate instability
           - lunotriquetral dissociation



Palmar midcarpal instability: results of surgical reconstruction.

Mechanism of carpal injuries.

Carpal dislocations: pathomechanics and progressive perilunar instability.

Carpal instability non-dissociative.

Ulnar midcarpal instability-clinical and laboratory analysis.