- See: shoulder joint menu and arthroscopic RCT repair

Fluid Management:

Positioning:

• beach chair position is comfortable for both the patient and the surgeon and allows the option of converting to an open procedure (if necessary);
• patients need to be seated with the torso raised to 70 deg with a foled sheet placed on the medial border of affected scapula (to maximize posterior exposure)
• complications: hypoglossal nerve injury;

References:

• • Measurements of brachial plexus strain in arthroscopy of the shoulder.
  • Hypoglossal nerve palsy after arthroscopy of the shoulder and open operation with the patient in the beach-chair position. A case report.
  • Avoiding catastrophic complications of stroke and death related to shoulder surgery in the sitting position.
  • Pathomechanisms and Complications Related to Patient Positioning and Anesthesia During Shoulder Arthroscopy
  • A cardiovascular collapse occurred in beach chair position for shoulder arthroscopy under general anesthesia -A case report.
    
    

Portal Placement:

• Posterior Portal
• Anterior Portal
• Lateral Portal

References:

• Glenohumeral arthroscopy portals established using an outside-in technique: neurovascular anatomy at risk.
• The low anterior five-o'clock portal during arthroscopic shoulder surgery performed in the beach-chair position
• Anatomic Risks of Shoulder Arthroscopy Portals: Anatomic Cadaveric Study of 12 Portals.

Arthroscopic Techniques:

• arthroscopic acromioplasty
• arthroscopic glenohumeral reconstruction
• slap lesions
• rotator cuff tears - management of massive rotator cuff tears

References

• Arthroscopy of the shoulder: technique and normal anatomy.
• What Adverse Events and Injuries Are Cited in Anesthesia Malpractice Claims for Nonspine Orthopaedic Surgery?
• Arthroscopic alphabet soup: recognition of normal, normal variants, and pathology
• “Put Your ‘Extended’ Finger on the Bleeder”: The Use of Direct Pressure From the Shaver Blade to Achieve Hemostasis