– See: Stance Phase: – Discussion: – single limb stance comprimises 38% of gait cycle; – during single limb stance, the ankle begins to dorsiflex by motion of tibia over the fixed foot; – early phase: – subtalar joint is pronated inorder to absorbe … Read more
Assistance provided by Nanni Allington MD. – Discussion: – a membrane lined cavity containing a clear yellow fluid. – occurrs most often in children 4-10 years of age; – lesions remain asymptomatic unless complicated by fracture. – they enlarge during skeletal growth and become inactive, or latent, … Read more
– Discussion: – occurs after age 10; – mechanism: shear or avlusion with angular force; – cartilage failure on the tension side; – petaphyseal failure on the compression side; – w/ type II frxs, there is a division between epiphysis & metaphysis except for a … Read more
– Discussion: – a complex syndrome characterized by exercise induced pain in mid leg; – contributing factors include varus hindfoot, excessive forefoot pronation, genu valgum, excessive femoral anteversion, & external tibial torsion; – may encompasses a wide spectrum of disorders including periostitis near origin of soleus & FDL muscle … Read more
– See: Sesamoid Bones of Foot – Discussion: – type of fatigue frx which usually involves tibial sesamoid; – tibial sesamoid is more likely to fracture because normally it receives most of the wt transmitted by the first metatarsal; – fracture is usually transverse or … Read more
– Discussion: – inflammation and swelling around the sesamoid (tibial > fibular) and FHB can be secondary to trauma, infection, AVN, stress fractures, or a systemic disorder; – sesamoiditis may also be precipitated by a cavus foot w/ excessive wt bearing under the first metatarsal; … Read more
– Discussion: – anatomy: – there is no direct connection between sesamoids & flexor hallucis longus tendon that runs between them; – tibial and fibular sesamoids are located within tendons of FHB and forms portion of the plantar plate; … Read more
– See: – Bursae of the Knee – Septic Arthritis – Diff Dx: – referred pain from the hip – osteochondritis dissecans – traumatic internal derangement – distal femoral or proximal tibial osteomyelitis – septic bursitis: – … Read more
– Discussion: – anterior tibiofibular ligament disruption; – frx of fibula by external rotation or abduction injury is often preceded by rupture of anterior tibiofibular ligament; – according to Lauge-Hansen (1950), this ligament injury (or an eqivalent frx) always proceeds … Read more
– See: – septic arthritis – general orders and treatment – Discussion: – septic arthritis of the hip is a surgical emergency; – it is essential that dx be made ASAP to prevent joint damage; – if any pus is obtained from arthrotomy, … Read more