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Reverse Shoulder Replacement:

- Discussion:
        - designed to transfer the center of rotation of the humerus medially and to lengthen the humerus (efficient deltoid lever arm)
                     - The anterior deltoid's importance in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a cadaveric biomechanical study.
                     - Axial Rotation Moment Arms of the Shoulder Musculature After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
                     - Medialized Versus Lateralized Center of Rotation in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty

- Glenoid Component:
        - screw insertion and direction:
               - note that scapular spine fractures can occurr from screw insertion;
               - references:
                        - Glenoid screw position in the Encore Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis: an anatomic dissection study of screw relationship to surrounding structures.
                        - Scapular fractures after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: evaluation of risk factors and the reliability of a proposed classification.
        - medial / lateral offset:
               - deltoid - preop quality:
                      - Preoperative deltoid assessment by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) as predictor for shoulder function after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a prospective pilot study.
                      - The effect of deltoid lengthening on functional outcome for reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

               - Lateralized Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Maintains Rotational Function of the Remaining Rotator Cuff.
               - A reverse shoulder arthroplasty with increased offset for the treatment of cuff-deficient shoulders with glenohumeral arthritis.
               - Avulsive Axillary Artery Injury in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
               - Reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Part 1: Systematic review of clinical and functional outcomes.
               - Do less medialized reverse shoulder prostheses increase motion and reduce notching?  
               - Restoration of External Rotation Following Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty without Latissimus Dorsi Transfer.
               - Lateralized Center of Rotation and Lower Neck-Shaft Angle Are Associated With Lower Rates of Scapular Notching and Heterotopic Ossification and Improved Pain for Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty at 1 Year.
               - Does arm lengthening affect the functional outcome in onlay reverse shoulder arthroplasty?

        - inferior tilt: 

               - Inferior tilt of the glenoid component does not decrease scapular notching in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: results of a prospective randomized study.
        - inferior shift offest:  
               - The effect of glenosphere diameter and eccentricity on deltoid power in reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
               - Bony increased-offset reversed shoulder arthroplasty: minimizing scapular impingement while maximizing glenoid fixation.
               - Inferior glenosphere placement reduces scapular notching in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

- Humeral Component:
       - design:
                 - Can functional difference be detected in reverse arthroplasty with 135℉ vs 155℉ prosthesis for the treatment of rotator cuff arthropathy: a prospective randomized study.

        - humeral retroversion:  (see humeral prep for TSA)
                 - Effect of deltoid tension and humeral version in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a biomechanical study.
                 - Effect of humeral component version on impingement in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
                 - The effect of component positioning on intrinsic stability of the reverse shoulder arthroplasty .
                 - Lesser tuberosity is more reliable than bicipital groove when determining orientation of humeral head in primary shoulder arthroplasty.
                 - Cadaveric study of anatomical relationship between greater tuberosity and prosthetic fin in humeral head replacement.
                 - Bicipital groove orientation: considerations for the retroversion of a prosthesis in fractures of the proximal humerus.
                 - Comparison of humeral head retroversion with humeral axis/biceps groove relationship: study in live and cadavers.
                 - The use of the bicipital groove for alignment of the humeral stem in shoulder arthroplasty
                 - Combined effect of change in humeral neck-shaft angle and retroversion on shoulder range of motion in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty - A simulation study.
                 - Effects of humeral component retroversion on functional outcomes in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for cuff tear arthropathy.
                 - The effect of humeral version on teres minor muscle moment arm, length, and impingement in reverse shoulder arthroplasty during activities of daily living.
                 - Effects of humeral tray component positioning for onlay reverse shoulder arthroplasty design: a biomechanical analysis.
                 - Influence of glenoid component design and humeral component retroversion on internal and external rotation in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a cadaver study.
                 - Evaluation of the role of glenosphere design and humeral component retroversion in avoiding scapular notching during reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
                 - Effect of Humeral Component Version on Outcomes in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty.

- Other:
        - subscapularis repair:
                 - Complication rates, dislocation, pain, and postoperative range of motion after reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients with and without repair of the subscapularis.
                 - Subscapularis insufficiency and the risk of shoulder dislocation after reverse shoulder arthroplasty..
                 - Reverse shoulder arthroplasty without subscapularis repair for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures in the elderly.
                 - Subscapularis Repair Is Unnecessary After Lateralized Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty

         - fracture considersations:
                - considerations include use of the 42 mm prosthesis, tuberosity repair, and optimizing soft tissue tension;
                - in the study by Rais et al, the authors noted scapular notching in 50 % of patients.
                - cemented vs press fit:
                       - Cemented or cementless humeral fixation in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty? a systematic review.
                       - Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fracture using a dedicated stem: radiological outcomes at a minimum 2 years of follow-up-case series.
                       - Cemented or cementless humeral fixation in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty?
                - instability:
                       - Revision surgery of reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
                       - Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of nonunions of the surgical neck of the proximal part of the humerus (type-3 fracture sequelae).
                - tuberosities:
                       - Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for acute proximal humerus fractures: a systematic review.
                       - Indications, technique, and pitfalls of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures
                       - Is failure of tuberosity suture repair in hemi-arthroplasty for fracture mechanical?
                - misc:
                       - Bicipital groove orientation: considerations for the retroversion of a prosthesis in fractures of the proximal humerus.
                       - Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Malunions of the Proximal Part of the Humerus (Type-4 Fracture Sequelae)

- Post Operative Care:
       -

- Complications:
       - Complications with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and recent evolutions
       - Management of complications after reverse shoulder arthroplasty

       - Fractures:
              - Periprosthetic humeral fractures during shoulder arthroplasty.
              - What Are Risk Factors for Intraoperative Humerus Fractures During Revision Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty and Do They Influence Outcomes?
              - Successful treatment of fractures of the base of the acromion after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: Case report and review of the literature.
              - Classification of postoperative acromial fractures following reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
              - [Treatment of acromion base fractures with double plates internal fixation].
              - Scapular fractures after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: evaluation of risk factors and the reliability of a proposed classification.
              - Acromial fracture after reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

       - Neurovascular Complications:
              - Prevalence of neurologic lesions after total shoulder arthroplasty.
              - Avulsive Axillary Artery Injury in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

       - Instability:
              - Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of nonunions of the surgical neck of the proximal part of the humerus (type-3 fracture sequelae).
              - Instability after reverse total shoulder replacement.
              - Postoperative acromion base fracture resulting in subsequent instability of reverse shoulder replacement
              - Dislocation following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

- Biomet Shoulder  



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