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- See: Urine Culture
- Conversion of nitrates to nitrite; 
- Positive: infection (negative test does not rule out infection since some organisms such as Strep faecalis & other gram positive cocci will not produce nitrite, & note that urine must also be retained in bladder for several hours to allow the reaction to take place; 
- Leukocyte Esterase: 
- Test detects 5 or greater WBC/HPF or lysed WBCs; 
- When combined w/ Nitrite Test, it has a predictive value for UTI of 74% if both pos, and >97% if both Tests are Negative; 
- Positive: Infection False Pos with Vaginal contamination