- many techniques described with one or two tibial and one or two femoral tunnels
- much biomechanical data confirms that both bundles are necessary to restore
- ACL function
- main findings are that PL bundle contributes to rotational stability closer to full extension
- Distribution of in situ forces in the anterior cruciate ligament in response to rotatory loads.
- Single- versus two-femoral socket ACLR technique: Biomechanical analysis using a robotic simulator.
- AM bundle reconstruction restores tibial anteroposterior translational stability but not rotational stability
- The effectiveness of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with hamstrings and patellar tendon . A cadaveric study comparing anterior tibial and rotational loads.
- clinical advantages versus single bundle technique not yet identified.
- Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in goats.
- Biomechanics of a double prosthetic ligament in the anterior cruciate deficient knee
- A comparative study of single- and double-bundle ACL reconstructions in sheep
- difficulty is how to measure/quantify improved rotational stability
- technical complexity and complications still need to be overcome before it becomes gold standard.
- multiple techniques published with no established benefit yet
- Anatomic double bundle ACL reconstruction: a literature review