- Antibiotics: 
          - prophylactic antibiotics 
          - local antibiotic delivery 
          - antibiotic beads 
          - addition of antibiotics to cement 

    - Skin Preparation:
          - topical agents:
                - skin prep agents
                - topical antimicrobials 

    - Reduction in OR Contamination: 
          - surgeon hygiene
                  - double gloving:
                          - Glove perforation in pediatric orthopedic practice.
                          - Glove perforation in orthopaedic and trauma surgery. A comparison between single, double indicator gloving and double gloving with two regular gloves.
                          - Glove perforation and contamination in primary total hip arthroplasty. 

          - operating room hygiene:
                    - Intraoperative Contamination Influences Wound Discharge and Periprosthetic Infection.
                    - Unnecessary hospital infection control practices in Thailand: a survey.
                    - [The hygienic significance of operating lights]
                    - Transfer of bacteria between biomaterials surfaces in the operating room-An experimental study. 
                    - Microbial colonization of tourniquets used in orthopedic surgery. 

    - wound management 

    - techniques to make the patient more resistant to infection:
          - perioperative oxygen
                - references:
                         - Supplemental Perioperative Oxygen to Reduce the Incidence of Surgical-Wound Infection
                         - The effect of differing ambient oxygen tensions on wound infection.
                         - Assessment of perfusion in postoperative patients using tissue oxygen measurements.
                         - Local heat increases blood flow and oxygen tension in wounds.
                         - Direct measurement of wound and tissue oxygen tension in postoperative patients.
                         - Special Topic: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in plastic surgery: a review article.  
                         - Oxygen as an isolated variable influences resistance to infection.      
                         - Oxygen as an antibiotic. A comparison of the effects of inspired oxygen concentration and antibiotic administration on in vivo bacterial clearance.         
                         - The dynamic properties of tissue oxygen in healing flaps.    
                         - Tissue oxygenation, anemia, and perfusion in relation to wound healing in surgical patients.
                         - The influence of epidermal thickness on transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements in normal persons.
                         - High-dose magnesium sulfate attenuates pulmonary oxygen toxicity. 
          - normothermia:
                         - Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection and shorten hospitalization. Study of Wound Infection and Temperature Group.