- Diff Dx: in Infants:
- pterygium colli;
- bronchial cleft cysts;
- tumor:
- cystic hygroma;
- thyroid teratomas;
- tumors of spinal cord and or posterior cranial fossa;
- chordoma;
- congenital anomalies of C-spine:
- unilateral absence of lateral mass of Atlas;
- posterior fossa masses;
- Klippel feil syndrome
- opthalmologic dz that may require child to tilt head to see normally;
- superior oblique palsy of the ocular muscle;
- syringomyelia;
- dystonia musculorum deformans