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- Anatomy:
    - origin:
         - from bondies of the 5th, 6th, and 7th cervical and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd thoracic vertebrae, with the slips from transverse processes;
    - insertion:
         - it lies on the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies between C1 and T3;
         - bodies of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th cervicals with slips to transverse processes;
    - action:
         - acting bilaterally, flexes cervical vertebrae; acting unilaterally, assists in rotation and lateral flexion;
    - synergists:
         - scalenus group, sterncleidomastoid, longus capitis, suprahyoid, infrahyoid and the platysma