- Avascular Necrosis 
- Congenital angulation shortening  
- Congenital coxa vara 
- Congenital short femur  
- DDH 
- Diaphyseal fractures  
- Hemiatrophy 
- Hemiparetic cerebral palsy 
- Hemiatrophy (anisomelia) 
- Hemihypertrophy: 
- Hemangioma 
- Neurofibromatosis 
- Lipomatosis  
- Lymphangioma 
- Infantile septic arthritis of the hip 
- Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: 
- Legg-Perthes disease 
- Ollier's disease (enchondromatosis)  
- Poliomyelitis 
- in first half of this century, poliomyelitis was most common cause of discrepancies in the length of the lower extremities. 
- Proximal femoral focal deficiency