– Discussion: – Weber C ankle fractures occur above the the syndesmosis and are similar to PER injuries in the Lauge Hansen classification: – classification: – C: fibula fracture above syndesmosis – C1 diaphyseal fracture of the fibula, simple … Read more
– Discussion: – see: stability of weber b fractures: – isolated Weber B fractures (no medial injury) can be treated w/ a cast if there is upto 3 mm of fibular displacement; – it has been observed that x-rays tend to over-estimate displacement (as compared to … Read more
– See: – Antiglide Plate – Lateral Malleolus – Radiographic Studies – Stability of Weber B Fractures – Supination Eversion Injury – Surgical Treatment – Discussion: – Type B: fibula frx at level of syndesmosis-transsyndesmosis; – most common type … Read more
– See: – Stance – Muscle Activity During Gait – Discussion: – during last portion of single limb stance & entirety of wt release, tibial external rotation continues, ankle plantar flexion is seen, and sub- talar joint continues to invert; – forefoot is now in a … Read more
– See Neutrophils/Left Shift – Lymphocytes: (24-44%) – Increased: Measles, German Measles, Mumps, Whooping Cough, Small pox, Chicken pox, Influenza, Hepatitis, Infectious Mononucleosis, Acute Infectious Lymphocytosis in children, Virtually any Viral Infection, Acute and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemias; – Decreased: After Stress, Burns, Trauma, Nl variation, Uremia; – Monocytes (3-7%) – Increased: Bacterial infection … Read more
– Trauma – Toxic Synovitis – Reflex neurovascular dystrophy – Hemophilia – Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis – Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
Type I: Open, exposed bone without evidence of osseous infection but with evidence of soft tissue infection; Type II: Circumferential, cortical, and endosteal infection; x-ray showing a diffuse inflammatory reaction, increased density, and spindle shaped sclerotic thickening of the cortex in addition to areas of bone resorption; often an involucrum surrounding a sequestrum; Type III: … Read more
– Discussion: – this manuever helps diagnose SLD but the test is not specific for SLD, because it may reposition entire proximal carpal row if row, rather than the scaphoid; – manipulation of scaphoid by examiner may reproduce pt’s sensation of instability or even cause subluxation of proximal pole of the scaphoid; … Read more
Action inhibits Vit K dependent production of clotting factors mainly inhibits prothrombin (II) and VII but also IX and X VII (t/2=4-6hrs), IX (t/2=18-24hrs), X (t/2=18-24hrs), II (t/2=18-24) proteins C (t/2=6 hrs) and S (early); hence PT increases in 48 hrs 2nd to decr of VII but many days of therapy needed for therapuetic levels … Read more
– Discussion: – arises from severe nerve injury (axonotmesis or neurotmesis) – characterized by axonal enlargement into an amorphorous mass, breakdown of the axons, and schwann cell ingestion of fragmented myelin to provide clean endoneural tubes for advancement of regenerating axons; – axonal sprouting … Read more