Scapulothoracic motion in normal shoulders and shoulders with glenohumeral

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instability and impingement syndrome. A study using Moir'e topographic analysis. Warner-J-J. Micheli-L-J. Arslanian-L-E. Kennedy-J. Kennedy-R. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Clin-Orthop. 1992 Dec. (285). P 191-9. Qualitative visual inspection and manual muscle testing are traditional methods of evaluation that may overlook subtle weakness of the axioscapular musculature. A modification of the standard technique of Moir'e topographic analysis of spinal deformity was applied to assess axioscapular muscle function in 51 subjects: 22 asymptomatic individuals, 22 with shoulder instability, and seven with impingement syndrome. Static Moir'e evaluation demonstrated scapulothoracic asymmetry or increased topography in 14% of asymptomatic subjects, compared with 32% and 57% in the instability and impingement groups, respectively. The dynamic Moir'e test demonstrated an abnormal Moir'e pattern in 18% of asymptomatic individuals, compared with 64% and 100% in the instability and impingement groups, respectively. Axioscapular muscle dysfunction is common with both instability and impingement syndrome of the shoulder, although it remains to be determined whether this represents a primary or secondary phenomenon. Author-abstract.