Dorsal approach to scaphoid nonunion

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  Watson HK.   Pitts EC.   Ashmead D 4th.   Makhlouf MV.   Kauer J.
  J Hand Surg Am.   18(2):359-65, 1993 Mar.

  The surgical approach for treatment of scaphoid nonunion usually involves
  various combinations of screws and Kirschner wires, with or without bone
  grafts. This article reports our results with 36 dorsal-approach bone
  grafting procedures for treatment of scaphoid nonunion with Kirschner
  wires. Union was achieved in 89%. The average follow-up was 5 years.
  Flexion/extension averaged 76% of the opposite wrist, and grip strength
  was 88% of the opposite hand. Ninety-one percent of the employed patients
  returned to their original jobs. The dorsal approach provides satisfactory
  exposure for fragment reduction and bone grafting.